Pakistan is located in south Asia, bordered by Afghanistan and Iran to the west, India to the east, China to the northeast and the Arabian Sea to the south.
Most of the population resides in the Indus Valley that includes major cities like the capital of Islamabad and neighboring Rawalpindi, Lahore and Faisalabad. Civilization in the valley dates back at least 5,000 years with invasions over the years from Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs, Afghans and Turks. In 1947, the separation of British India into India and Pakistan created an independent Muslim state, but the issue still brings rise to tension between the two countries, particularly in regards to the Kashmir region.
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